Pattern #80
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Story
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Pattern Heart
Stories are a primary mode of sense-making, sense-sharing and sense-shifting. Sharing personal stories and weaving group stories promotes empathy, connection, awareness, and transformation. So encourage people to delve into stories of experiences, meanings, and visions to engage them in deepening mutual discovery, creativity, action and change.
Some related patterns: 2 Appreciative Thinking 5 Bringing Understanding to Life 28 Equity 62 Possibility Thiking 63 Power of Listening 76 Safety First, Then Challenge 95 Working the Field
Story – going deeper …
This is an edited version of the video on this page.
I once had the great realization that even logic – with its very simple fundamental basis of “if/then” or “if this, then that” (which is the foundational principle of logic) – is a story. “If this, then that” is a mini-story.
There is line in a poem by Muriel Rukeyser, where she says “The universe is made of stories, not of atoms”. Everything that is has a story. Every situation has a story. The future has a story. The past has a story.
Things have to fit in some kind of narrative for them to make sense to us. And we invite each other into our universes by telling our stories: “This is what happened to me”… “This is what makes sense to me” … “This is what the causes and effects are that I see.“ Arguments are kinds of stories.
We make sense and share sense largely through narratives. If I am talking to you about my narrative – my story, the way things make sense to me – and you are telling me about your sense, your narrative, there’s a sense in which we are weaving some kind of fabric of understanding. We may be weaving narratives that are more like our original ones – in which I am excluding you, but now I know that I am excluding you because I have woven a story that has you outside of my sense making, and vice versa – or we can weave some kind of story that weaves us together. We can say either, we have woven a new story that is different than the one we started with, or we are weaving a story that includes both of our stories, and transcends the stories that we had at the beginning.
Or we can weave a story that goes, “Oh here’s a larger picture, within which I’m looking at it this way, and you’re looking at it that way, and there are probably other people that are looking at it in other ways.” There you have a multiple viewpoint story that allows the different stories to exist side-by-side, that doesn’t have to integrate all the stories into one thing by acting like the differences do not exist.
Also there can be one narrative where the differences are made very present. It is like, “What are the gifts and limitations of the liberal viewpoint?” and “What are the gifts and limitations of the conservative viewpoint?” These two can be woven together in interesting ways. Same with science and spirituality, male and female, and so on.
There are all sorts of interesting ways to weave things together.
It is so obvious that that happens all the time when we share personal stories. Group stories tend to focus on the different types of people, like “What is the experience of white men and black women?“
If you really get what somebody’s story is, there’s an empathic feeling that goes along with the resulting empathic understanding. And social capital, in terms of the extent we connect with each other, whether it’s within our group (“bonding capital”) or between our groups (bridging capital), the more we can hear each other and share our stories – the more we can be open about our stories – the more connection and relationship there is to use for other things. That is the idea of Social Capital, which is another one of the patterns in this system.
Awareness is a big part of this. Very often I’ll be in a argument with somebody else – I’ll be upset with the other person – and I’ll suddenly get a sense of something odd going on and I’ll say, “Wait a minute, I think you’re thinking that I was thinking X and you are telling yourself that story, and that’s not what’s going on for me.” And they tell me what they were thinking and I suddenly realize “Oh I thought you meant Y but actually you meant Z”. There is an expanded awareness of what’s going in the situation.
This feeds into collective intelligence: the more we hear each other’s narratives the more we can see through each other’s eyes, and the more we can together create something that actually works for all of us.
In some systems, people go through a deliberative process, discussing an issue together on behalf of their larger community. They’re often a small group, say a few dozen people, or a hundred people. They get together for a few days or a few weeks and explore an issue and come up with some statement about it or some dream they share. They have some shared aspiration and they do all that on behalf of their larger community and then they come out and share the story of what happened with them. Although they came to the conversation from different places, as they talk they discover things, realize things that weave together more and more. They come up with something special and rather than just saying “Here’s our report,” they share the journey they went through together and invite other people to see what that was, and how they came to their final conclusions.
That includes helping people who haven’t been part of that process shift their outlook like those who were directly involved shifted their outlooks. If the listeners hear the story well – if they see that people like them, who were involved, shifted in certain ways and made certain discoveries or decided to work together on things – then the listeners think “Oh, maybe I can do that, too!” Or the shift happens intrinsically and the listeners think, “Oh, I didn’t realize that. And now I realize it. Now I’m a different person having heard this story of what happened to these people who are like me, dealing with other people who are not like me, just like I have to deal with them in my life. But the people in this deliberation did so much better in dealing with people who I deal with in my life, and I can now do that, I can now feel and act better when I’m with those people.” So the idea of sharing stories – from personal stories all the way up to the stories of whole communities and societies – is a very powerful piece of the wise democracy vision and journey.
Video Introduction (10 min)
Examples and Resources
- Participatory Narrative Inquiry
Link-Story Colored Glasses - Maclean’s Initiative
Link-CII - Appreciative Inquiry
Link
Link-Wikipedia - Wisdom Council (Civic Council)
Link-Wise Democracy - Civic Councils Vorarlberg approach – with Civic Cafe and the stakeholders
Link-Video - Multiple Viewpoint Drama – Anna Deavere Smith
Link-CII - Fires in the Mirror, one-person play by Anna Deavere Smith
Link-Wikipedia.
Link-Video
This play is about the Crown Heights riot in New York, between Blacks and Jews. The other one on the Rodney King riots – Twilight Los Angeles – seems to not be available any more. - NewStories – Link
- Playback Theater
Link-Wikipedia - InStory Process – Link Devorah Spilman
- Tom Atlee’s “Power of Story” essays – Link
- How fantasy worlds can spark real change – Link
- StoryField Conference – Link
- Scared Sacred movie Link
- Story Bridge Link
- Awakening the Dreamer
- Clean Language Link
There’s a process called Participatory Narrative Inquiry which is gathering stories from a community and finding patterns in them.
The Maclean’s magazine initiative in 1991 is an exemplar of powerful storytelling. And the Civic Councils approach used Vorarlberg, Austria, has a potent innovation combining their report out with a Community Café and then following up with an implementation council containing stakeholders and officials involved with the issue. That is another very intense way of sharing stories.
Then there’s the multiple viewpoint drama work of Anna Deavere Smith. She did video performances about two different riots. One was the Rodney King riot in Los Angeles where the cops who beat up this black man, Rodney King, were found not guilty by an all-white jury and L.A. just blew up, riots, burning, people being killed, it was a total mess. Smith went there and interviewed people who played different roles in the riots and then she created a one-woman performance where she speaks for 3, 4, 5, or 6 minutes as each person. She becomes that person, she is a light-colored black woman, who can seem to be all sorts of different races depending on how she’s made up, dresses and talks. She’s all these different people, and you get a multidimensional view of the riot which doesn’t give you any answers but sure changes your awareness.
And then there’s playback theater which takes somebody’s story and acts it out, often in ways that help them resolve whatever situation they’re in. We had playback theater do some mirroring at a National Coalition for Dialogue and Deliberation conference, where they acted out dynamics they saw going in the conference. Being a mirror is part of story sharing.
Most training programs for community organisers prioritise teaching the power of story. The approach popularised by Marshall Ganz is especially widespread. Organisers are encouraged to craft their ‘story of self’ as a way to open a door to understanding others’ values and motivations. Shared or reciprocated story. Union organisers, here in Australia at least, are trained to share their story of ‘me, us, now’, to communicate about how issues or concerns impact on them personally, impact on people collectively (in a workplace or community) and how now is the time to engage with and resolve the issue or concern. These trainings are important, to help public interest advocates connect with rather than simply proselytising to folks they’re organising with. I’m convinced that this craft of story – of sharing our own and drawing out others’ stories – is most powerful when it’s at its most authentic. Sharing stories that connect with values, fears and hopes we hold most deeply. That motivate us most strongly or directly.
Thanks, James, for the excellent description of the use of story in organizing. I’ve logged Marshall Ganz’ approach for inclusion in the Examples and Resources section of this pattern’s page. And I remember hearing about the women’s movement “consciousness raising sessions” in the 1970s where what happened was women got together and shared stories of their lives, only to discover that what was happening to them was not about them individually, but was their common experience, rooted in the patriarchal culture and systems they were embedded in, which was something they could collectively take action to change.
Hi Tom. What I wanted to say is, that there are situations where I would like to inform about something however, I have not the adequate metaphor(s) for it.
e.g. explain to a non-accountant what an account is. In the meantime I have found a metaphor for it. I use the basket and tell the people that all balls with the same colors need to go to the basked that is allocated for this color.
It takes time for me to find a metaphor that I think I would like to use to convey the core of the different stories.
Do you can understand what I would like to express?
See my response in the Sept 1st dialogue between us, below.
Hi Tom e.g. if I explain to People the consolidation process related to several companies that belong to the same Holding, then I need to be able the find the adequate metaphor. Hence, I compare the Holding structure with the Family structure where you have great-grandparents, grandparents, parents, uncles and siblings. If the great-grandparents want to know how much Money the entire family has used, all income/expenses between the relatives need to be omitted. However if I want to know what my parents and my siblings have earned during the year, then I have to ignore the money I have expensed for them and what I have received from them.
The example of the consolidation shows I am confident to use the Family structure to explain it. However, there are situations where I really struggle to find the right metaphor.
I’d like to add a resource for story sharing. It’s a very simple card game called More Than One Story and it invites participants to share stories from their life. I’ve used it with groups in workshops and at parties and it’s a fantastic icebreaker that helps us understand commonality in our differences. Questions such as “Tell a story about something you own that is special to you” “Tell about a moment you’d like to live again.”, “Describe a place where you lived as a child” help break down barriers between people and build bridges between people of all ages and backgrounds.
It can be great to use before deliberative processes to help people get to know each other and become more cohesive. https://www.simrishamn.se/kultur-och-fritid/more-than-one-story
Sounds great, Andy. I’ve got it logged as a resource for here AND the “Complex Identity” pattern.
In thinking of some examples of good stories/storytellers, I just remember the late Hans Rosling, and his use of his own memory of when their first washing machine came into thier family. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6sqnptxlCcw
Fabulous example, Folke!! Could you also post this comment on the “Bringing Understanding to Life” pattern page? It’s a perfect example … even if I’m a bit wary of Hans’ conclusion 🙂 …
Done!
To me this relates seamlessly to my first pattern choice of Feeling Heard. Since most of the listening that occurs with Feeling Heard revolves around some Story. I really like Tom’s description of Story. Stories are so primal.
I also have played in Playback so understand from experience how powerful sharing stories can be for everyone in the room.
I have gone for this pattern, as I like stories.
I have started to use more stories when I do knowledge sharing so that the people are attracted by the the topic. The most challenge for me is to use the right metaphers in the story so that the core of the topic remains.
Yes, Heldegard. It seems like stories may be the most powerful teaching tools. “Jesus spoke to them in parables”, Aesop’s fables, “give me some examples”,” etc. In fact metaphors themselves seem like miniature condensed stories.
Your last sentence seems important but I don’t think I understand it. Can you give me/us some examples (!) ?
Hi Tom. What I wanted to say is, that there are situations where I would like to inform someone about something – however, I have not the adequate metaphor(s) for it.
e.g. explain to a non-accountant what the purpose of an account is.
After having discussed it with a non-accountant I came to the conclusion that I can use the word basket as metaphor for accounts. Hence, I tell the people that all balls with the same colours need to go to the basket that is allocated for this colour.
It is not always possible to discuss a potential metaphor with different people. Hence, it takes time to find metaphors that I could use to convey the core of the different stories.
Can you see where I am aiming for? and what I would like to express?
I think so; see if I understand…: In a story you are using to teach or explain something to someone, you often need a metaphor as a bridge from their ignorance to the new understanding. But the power of the metaphor is that it is not actually something that is part of the new thing you are teaching, but more part of things they already understand. So you have to know what metaphor will “work” for a particular person or audience (that is, what in their experience can serve as a good bridge into the realm you are teaching them about). If you can have a real conversation with them, there’s a good chance you can figure it out. But often (if there’s a large group or lack of time) you can’t have such a conversation. You have to guess – using whatever you happen to understand about their way of looking at the world. And it is very possible that your first guess will not be right – that the first metaphor you try out either doesn’t adequately connect to their world or doesn’t (for them) actually lead them into what you are trying to teach or share. It may even lead them in the wrong direction, really confusing things you were trying to make clear. Where you want them to go – where you want the metaphoric “bridge” to lead them – is into “the core of the topic”. But guessing what metaphor might do that for them – without leaving them confused or going off in the wrong direction – is not easy. In your comment above, you are pointing to all of that as a “challenge”. Am I getting it?